The word case, for instance, alongside its general meaning of 'circumstances in which a person or a thing is' possesses special meanings: in law ('a law suit'), in grammar (e.g. Breal was probably the first to emphasize the fact that in passing from general usage into some special sphere of communication a word as a rule undergoes some sort of specialization of its meaning. There seems to be no point in augmenting the number of unsatisfactory schemes already offered in literature. No attempt at a new classification is considered necessary. The order in which various types are described will follow more or less closely the diachronic classifications of M. This comparison may be based on the difference between notions expressed or referents in the real world that are pointed out, on the type of psychological association at work, on evaluation of the latter by the speaker or, possibly, on some other feature. The development and change of the semantic structure of a word is always a source of qualitative and quantitative development of the vocabulary.Īll the types discussed depend upon some comparison between the earlier (whether extinct or still in use) and the new meaning of the given word. A through knowledge of various types of semantic change helps to understand the semantic structure of English words at the present stage of their development. Change of meaning has been thoroughly studied and attracted the attention of all semanticists whose work till 1930's was devoted almost exclusively to the description and classification of various changes in meaning. Word meaning is liable to change in the course of the historical development. The practical value is - to reveal cases of the use of metaphors and метонимий in textsġ. The object of investigation is - to study character of metaphors and metonymy the English-speaking text.Ħ) To analyze the contextual importance of metaphors. Theoretical value is - to define value and classification of metaphors and метонимий in the stylistic theory. The subject of investigation is - lexicology of English language The research urgency - is defined by modern lines in the field of studying of a metaphor in the light of various theories. The objective is - to consider metaphor concepts общелингвистического character The aim of the given course work is - define a role metaphor in creation and understanding of the literary text. the word-group «a train of carriages» had the meaning of «a row of carriages», later on «of carriages» was dropped and the noun «train» changed its meaning, it is used now in the function and with the meaning of the whole word-group. The meaning of a word can also change due to ellipsis, e.g. It was specialized and now means «regular rise and fall of the sea caused by attraction of the moon». When the French words «time», «season», and «hour» were borrowed into English they ousted the word «tide» in these meanings. the noun «tide» in Old English was polysemantic and denoted «time», season, hour. the conflict of synonyms when a perfect synonym of a native word is borrowed from some other language one of them may specialize in its meaning, and e.g. On the other hand causes can be linguistic, e.g.
Still later any instrument for writing was called «a pen». As people wrote with goose pens the name was transferred to steel pens which were later on used for writing. Primarily «pen» comes back to the Latin word «penna» (a feather of a bird). the change of the lexical meaning of the noun «pen» was due to extra- linguistic causes. The causes of semantic changes can be extra-linguistic and linguistic, e.g. In such cases the outer aspect of a word does not change.
Transfer of the meaning is called lexico - semantic word - building. Changes of lexical meanings can be proved by comparing contexts of different times. The meaning of a word can change in the course of time. The theme of the given course work is - Semantic changes and investigation its use and types.
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